Understanding Anal Cancer
Explore causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer affecting the anal canal.
What is Anal Cancer?
Anal cancer develops in the tissues of the anus, the opening at the end of the rectum. It's relatively rare compared to other colorectal cancers.
The majority of anal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, originating from the lining of the anal canal. Risk factors include HPV infection, multiple sexual partners, and weakened immune system.
Symptoms of Anal Cancer
Rectal Bleeding
One of the most common symptoms; often mistaken for hemorrhoids.
Anal Pain
Pain or pressure in the anal area, especially during bowel movements.
Lump or Mass
A growth near the anus that can be felt or seen.
Itching or Discharge
Unusual discharge or persistent itching in the anal area.
Change in Bowel Habits
Thin stools or a feeling of incomplete evacuation.
Diagnosis and Tests
Digital Rectal Exam
Doctor manually examines the anal canal for abnormalities.
Anoscopy
A small device is used to inspect the inside of the anal canal.
Biopsy
Tissue sample taken from suspicious area to confirm cancer type.
Treatment Options
1Chemoradiation
Combination of chemotherapy and radiation is the standard treatment for anal cancer.
2Surgery
Reserved for cases where chemoradiation is ineffective. It may involve removal of the anus and creation of a colostomy.
Prognosis and Survival Rates
Prognosis depends on cancer stage, tumor size, and response to chemoradiation. Early-stage anal cancer often responds well to treatment.
| Stage | Description | 5-Year Survival |
|---|---|---|
| I | Tumor ≤ 2 cm, no spread | 80-85% |
| II | Tumor > 2 cm, localized | 70-80% |
| III | Spread to nearby lymph nodes | 50-60% |
| IV | Distant metastasis | 20-30% |
Need More Information?
If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms or have been diagnosed with adrenal cancer, our specialists are here to help with expert care and personalized treatment plans.
