Understanding Adrenal Cancer
Comprehensive guide to symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for adrenal gland tumors
What is Adrenal Cancer?
Adrenal cancer is a rare disease that occurs when malignant cells form in the tissues of the adrenal glands. These small, triangular glands located on top of each kidney produce hormones that regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and stress response.
There are two main types: adrenocortical carcinoma (cancer of the adrenal cortex) and malignant pheochromocytoma (cancer of the adrenal medulla). Early detection is challenging as symptoms often appear only when the tumor grows large or produces excess hormones.
Symptoms of Adrenal Cancer
Hormonal Changes
Unexplained weight gain/loss, excessive hair growth, or voice deepening
High Blood Pressure
Persistent hypertension that's difficult to control
Abdominal Pain
Dull ache or feeling of fullness in the abdomen
Muscle Weakness
Especially in the legs due to potassium loss
Diabetes Symptoms
Increased thirst and frequent urination
Visible Mass
Lump you can feel in your abdomen
Diagnosis and Tests
Blood and Urine Tests
Measure hormone levels to detect abnormalities in cortisol, aldosterone, or catecholamines.
Imaging Scans
CT, MRI, or PET scans to visualize the adrenal glands and detect tumors or spread.
Biopsy
Tissue sample analysis to confirm cancer and determine its type and grade.
Treatment Options
1Surgery
The primary treatment for adrenal cancer is surgical removal of the affected gland (adrenalectomy). For larger tumors, surrounding tissues may also need removal.
2Radiation Therapy
Used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells or to relieve symptoms when surgery isn't possible. May be combined with chemotherapy for advanced cases.
Prognosis and Survival Rates
The outlook for adrenal cancer depends on several factors including the cancer stage at diagnosis, tumor size, whether it has spread, and how well it responds to treatment. Early-stage cancers that are completely removed surgically have the best prognosis.
| Stage | Description | 5-Year Survival |
|---|---|---|
| I | Tumor ≤ 5cm, no spread | 50-60% |
| II | Tumor > 5cm, no spread | 35-50% |
| III | Spread to nearby tissues/lymph nodes | 20-35% |
| IV | Distant metastasis | 10-20% |
Need More Information?
If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms or have been diagnosed with adrenal cancer, our specialists are here to help with expert care and personalized treatment plans.
